微信小程序-蓝牙

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一.硬件部分

  1. HC-08 蓝牙模块 4.0BLE主从一体 CC2540 无线串口透传模块 BLE串口通信
  2. 硬件官网
    汇承官网
  3. 基本连接教程
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    注意：串口模块和usb to ttl的连接方式

二. Windows串口调试助手

  1. 下载串口调试助手
  2. 设置默认波特率为9600

三.手机App测试

  1. LightBlue和Windows的调试
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    注意：由图4可以看出串口通信的serviceId的UUID为FFE0(读写UUID)
  2. Android和Windows的调试

四.微信小程序初始化连接

  1. 初始化蓝牙适配器

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    wx.openBluetoothAdapter({
      success: function (res) {
        console.log('初始化蓝牙适配器成功' + JSON.stringify(res))
        that.msg = '初始化蓝牙适配器成功'
        wx.showModal({
          title: '蓝牙适配情况',
          content: '初始化蓝牙适配器成功'
        })
      },
      fail: function () {
        that.msg = '初始化蓝牙适配器失败'
        wx.showModal({
          title: '蓝牙适配情况',
          content: '蓝牙适配失败，请检查手机蓝牙和定位功能是否打开'
        })
      },
      complete: function () {
        console.log('初始化蓝牙适配器完成')
      }
    })

  2. 开启蓝牙搜索,并获取蓝牙设备列表 wx.getBluetoothAdapterState –> wx.onBluetoothAdapterStateChange –> wx.startBluetoothDevicesDiscovery –> wx.onBluetoothDeviceFound –> getBluetoothDevices

  3. 选择蓝牙设备获取相应的deviceId

  4. 连接蓝牙设备 wx.createBLEConnection –> wx.getBLEDeviceService(获取设备的ServiceId)

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    wx.createBLEConnection({
              deviceId: deviceId,
              success: function (res) {
                console.log('蓝牙设备连接成功')
                wx.hideLoading()
                wx.getBLEDeviceServices({
                  deviceId: deviceId,
                  success: function (res) {
                    that.deviceService = res.services
                    for (var t = 0; t < that.deviceService.length; t++) {
                      var service = that.deviceService[t]
                      var serviceId = service.uuid.substring(4, 8)
                      if (serviceId === 'FFE0') {                  //‘FFE0’为设备定义的读写UUID
                        that.serviceId = service.uuid
                      }
                    }
                    that.nowDevice = !that.nowDevice
                    that.nowService = !that.nowService
                    console.log('获取蓝牙设备Service' + res.errMsg)
                  },
                  fail: function (res) {
                    wx.showModal({
                      title: '设备Service信息',
                      content: '蓝牙设备连接成功' + '\n' + '设备信息获取错误' + res.errMsg
                    })
                  }
                })
              },
              fail: function (res) {
                console.log('蓝牙设备连接失败，请稍后重试')
                wx.hideLoading()
                wx.showModal({
                  title: '提示',
                  content: '蓝牙设备连接失败，请稍后重试',
                  duration: 2000
                })
              },
              complete: function () {
                console.log('蓝牙设备连接完成')
                wx.hideLoading()
              }
            })

  5. 连接设备同时关闭蓝牙搜索 wx.stopBluetoothDevicesDiscovery

  6. 向串口发送数据（重要）
    wx.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics –> success: wx.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChang (启用notify功能) –> success:wx.writeBLECharacteristicValue –> success:wx.readBLECharacteristicValue(必须读取，否则Android设备无法正常向串口发送数据
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wx.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics({
          deviceId: that.deviceId,
          serviceId: that.serviceId,
          success: function (res) {
            console.log(res.characteristics)
            that.deviceCharacteristics = res.characteristics
            for (var i = 0; i < that.deviceCharacteristics.length; i++) {
              that.characteristic = that.deviceCharacteristics[i]
              that.characteristicProperties = that.characteristic.properties
              if (that.characteristicProperties.notify === true) {
                that.characteristicId = that.characteristic.uuid
                wx.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange({
                  state: true, // 启用 notify 功能
                  deviceId: that.deviceId,
                  serviceId: that.serviceId,
                  characteristicId: that.characteristicId,
                  success: function (res) {
                    console.log('开启notify成功' + that.characteristic.uuid)
                    for (let i = 0; i < dataView.byteLength; i++) {
                      var writeData = '0x' + dataView.getUint8(i).toString(16)
                      that.writeDatas = that.writeDatas + '\n' + writeData
                    }
                    wx.writeBLECharacteristicValue({
                      deviceId: that.deviceId,
                      serviceId: that.serviceId,
                      characteristicId: that.characteristicId,
                      value: dataBuffer,
                      success: function (res) {
                        console.log('发送的数据：' + that.writeDatas)
                        console.log('message发送成功')
                        wx.showModal({
                          title: '数据发送成功',
                          content: that.writeDatas
                        })
                        wx.readBLECharacteristicValue({
                          deviceId: that.deviceId,
                          serviceId: that.serviceId,
                          characteristicId: that.characteristicId,
                          success: function (res) {
                            console.log('读取数据成功')
                          }
                        })
                      },
                      fail: function (res) {
                        // fail
                        console.log('message发送失败' + that.characteristicIdw)
                        wx.showToast({
                          title: '数据发送失败，请稍后重试',
                          icon: 'none'
                        })
                      },
                      complete: function (res) {
                        // fail
                        console.log('message发送完成')
                      }
                    })
                  },
                  fail: function () {
                    console.log('开启notify失败' + that.characteristicId)
                  }
                })
                // that.writeMessage(that.deviceId, that.serviceId, that.characteristicIdw, that.characteristicIdr, that.characteristicIdn)
              }
            }
          },
          fail: function () {
            console.log('获取characteristic失败')
          }
        })
  1. 读取串口发送的数据 （重要）
    wx.getBLEDeviceCharacteristics –> success:wx.notifyBLECharacteristicValueChange –> success:wx.readBLECharacteristicValue –> wx.onBLECharacteristicValueChange

五.微信小程序蓝牙未启动，离开小程序开启蓝牙后再启动小程序

蓝牙页面启动流程

  1. 在onLoad中wx.openBluetoothAdapter
  2. 在onShow中判断当前蓝牙适配器的状态wx.onBluetoothAdapterStateChange –> 若更改成功，则wx.openBluetoothAdapter

六.微信小程序开发注意

  1. Android设备在readBLECharacteristicValu后可能会出现显示message传输成功但是串口调试助手收不到数据的情况
    解决方法：在writeBLECharacteristicValu后添加readBLECharacteristicValue
  2. 串口读写设备的时候注意转换数据格式，传输的数据格式为ArrayBuffer，需要转换才可以显示，直接console返回的res.value为空
    用到的转换格式代码
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    let data = that.sendData.split(',')
            let dataBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(data.length)
            let dataView = new DataView(dataBuffer)
            for (let j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
              dataView.setUint8(j, '0x' + data[j])
            }

    var writeData = '0x' + dataView.getUint8(i).toString(16)
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ab2hex: function (buffer) {
        var hexArr = Array.prototype.map.call(
          new Uint8Array(buffer), function (bit) {
            return ('00' + bit.toString(16)).slice(-2)
          }
        )
        return hexArr.join('')
      }
  1. 根据serviceId获取characteristicId时需要采用for循环获取，不使用for循环会无法开启notify，使用for循环会开启两遍，两次开启UUID相同，但是第一次显示开启成功，第二次显示开启失败
  2. 实际读取串口发送数据的位置为wx.onBLECharacteristicValueChang，wx.readBLECharacteristicValue返回的res中只有接受信息是否成功的信息
  3. 问题：若手机蓝牙未启动，初始化页面无法成功开启蓝牙适配器，重新打开蓝牙后，页面无法重新开启蓝牙适配器
    解决：因为只在onLoad中定义了开始蓝牙适配器，没有在onShow中定义，通过《六》中来解决
    注意：必须在onShow中先进行判断，再选择是否调用wx.openBluetoothAdapter，否则在第一次启动页面的时候调用两次wx.openBluetoothAdapter，wx.showModal会显示两次（初始化页面的时候onLoad后会调用onShow）